In the diverse toolkit of journalism, few techniques are as controversial as undercover report. Using subterfuge and deception, this investigative method enables journalists to uncover misconduct, illegal activities, unethical behavior, or societal issues that would otherwise remain hidden from view. It can also provide firsthand narratives that add richness to long-form journalism and in-depth features. However, it raises ethical concerns about invasion of privacy and deception and can be a risky strategy for the journalist, their employer, and their sources.
Before deciding to pursue an undercover story, journalists need to thoroughly research the subject matter and establish a plan of action. This includes mapping out places to visit and determining how they will get in, identifying potential risks, and laying out an emergency plan in case things go wrong. It’s also important to have the support of colleagues. “You need a very detached colleague on site with you to keep you on the straight and narrow,” Shapiro says. “You’re going to have to make a lot of day-to-day decisions that could be very difficult, and you need someone to help you make those.”
While many people find undercover reporting distasteful and ethically dubious, it can be a powerful and effective investigative technique when used responsibly. Brooke Kroeger, in her new book Undercover Reporting, writes that responsible subterfuge can be justified when the possible findings are significant enough to serve an important cause or if they offer a unique perspective on hard-to-penetrate institutions or social situations.
About the Author
